Evolución de la incidencia hospitalaria de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en nuestro medio

Introducción

En los últimos años se está observando un incremento en la incidencia de la Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal (EII) en nuestro medio pero no disponemos de datos recientes.

Objetivos

- Conocer la incidencia de la EII en un área de Sevilla y comparar la evolución de dicha incidencia entre dos períodos.

- Describir las características epidemiológicas principales de la patología en ambos períodos.

Pacientes y métodos

Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo en el que se analiza la incidencia de EII en un área de Sevilla y sus principales características epidemiológicas en el período 1995-2000 y en el período 2001-2013. Se recogieron la totalidad de los casos diagnosticados y en seguimiento por la unidad de EII de nuestro centro (1140 pacientes: EC: 657//CU:483). Se calcularon las tasas de incidencia y se compararon entre los dos períodos.

Resultados

La tasa de incidencia cruda para EII en el primer período es de 4,2 casos nuevos /100.000 habitantes/ año (EC:2.6 //CU:1.6) y para el segundo período es de 13,7 casos/1000.000 habitantes/año, (EC:7.2//CU:6.5) alcanzándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001)

En el primer período de estudio se diagnosticaron 24 ±7 casos/año. Un 66% se diagnosticó de EC (56,2% hombres) y 34% pacientes con CU (61% hombres). Eran fumadores el 1,85% de los pacientes con CU y el 42,9% con EC. En el 7,95% de los casos existían antecedentes familiares de EII. La localización predominante era en EC: L3 (38.3%) y CU: E1 (42%)

En el segundo período, se diagnosticaron 76±20 casos/año. Un 54% con EC (62% hombres) y un 46% con CU (61,8% hombres). Eran fumadores el 8,51% de los pacientes con CU y el 42,9% con EC. En el 8,75% de los casos existían antecedentes familiares de EII. La Localización predominante era en EC: L1 (35%) y en CU: E2 (50%)

Conclusiones

La incidencia de EII en nuestra región se ha triplicado en la última década, siendo la diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los dos períodos de tiempo analizados, no pudiendo descartar probables sesgos de selección en relación al carácter retrospectivo del estudio. Así mismo hemos observado que la incidencia de EC es mayor en nuestra área que la de CU. No hemos encontrado diferencias significativas de las variables demográficas analizadas, entre los dos períodos estudiados.

Introduction

In recent years we have witnessed an increase in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in our area but we have no recent data.

Aims of this study

- Knowing the incidence of IBD in an area of Seville and comparing the evolution of the incidence between two periods of time.

- Describing the main epidemiological characteristics of the disease in both periods of time.

Patients and methods

We performed a retrospective study to analyze the incidence of IBD in an area of Seville as well as its main epidemiological characteristics during two periods of time: from 1995 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2013. We analyzed all cases of patients diagnosed and being monitored for IBD at the unit of our hospital (1140 patients: CD: 657//UC:483). We calculated and compared the incidence rates between the two periods.

Results

The crude incidence rate of IBD in the first period is 4.2 new cases/100.000 inhabitants/year (CD: 2.6 //UC: 1.6) and for the second period is 13.7 cases/ 1.000.000 inhabitants/year, (CD: 7.2 // UC: 6.5) reaching statistically significant differences (p <0.001).

In the first period of study there were 24 ± 7 cases/year diagnosed. CD was diagnosed in 66% of patients (56.2% men) and UC in 34% of patients (61% men). The percentage of patients who were smokers and were diagnosed with UC was 1.85% while the percentage of patients who were smokers and were diagnosed with CD was 42.9%. In 7.95% of cases there was a family history of IBD. The predominant location was for CD in L3 (38.3%) and for UC in E1 (42%).

In the second period of study there were 76 ± 20 cases/year diagnosed. CD was diagnosed in 54% of patients (62% men) and UC in 46% (61.8% men). The percentage of patients who were smokers and were diagnosed with UC was 8.51% while the percentage of patients who were smokers and were diagnosed with CD was 42.9%. In 8.75% of cases there was a family history of IBD. The predominant location was for CD in L1 (35%) and for UC in E2 (50%).

Conclusions

The incidence of IBD in our area has tripled in the last decade, with statistically significant differences between the two time periods analyzed. We can not rule out selection bias regarding the retrospective nature of the study. We also found that the incidence of CD was higher than that of UC in our area. We did not find significant differences in the demographic variables analyzed between the two periods of time studied.